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Wednesday, November 7, 2007
American Concrete Institute Spec for Parking Garage Decks
"548.8-07: Specification for Type EM (Epoxy Multi-Layer) Polymer Overlay for Bridge and Parking Garage Decks This Specification covers epoxy multi-layer (EM) polymer overlays for bridge and parking garage decks. Type EM polymer overlays incorporate a low-modulus epoxy binder and selected aggregate to produce a flexible, skid-resistant, and waterproof overlay. The overlay may be used for both new construction and rehabilitation. The overlay is placed by applying the neat epoxy binder to the surface and broadcasting aggregate. This Specification includes requirements for chemical components, aggregates, storage and handling, surface preparation, surface profile, mixing, placement, and finishing. Available in hard copy or PDF format. To learn more or to order this document, go to 548.8-07: Specification for Type EM (Epoxy Multi-Layer) Polymer Overlay for Bridge and Parking Garage Decks. $27.50 (ACI members $17.00); Order Code 548807.EM. How to order: Phone: 248-848-3800, and mention order code 548807.EM Click: 548.8-07: Specification for Type EM (Epoxy Multi-Layer) Polymer Overlay for Bridge and Parking Garage Decks More from ACI on Polymer Concrete ACI has additional polym"
Friday, November 2, 2007
Building to protect your home against wildfires-case history
From Pacific Polymers website-a case study on preventing your home from burning, read and implement the building methods suggested.
Use only one hour fire rated deck coatings
ONLY ONE HOME SURVIVES DEVASTATING FIRE STORM
Studying the houses that survived the 1993 Laguna Beach fire storm yields lessons in building to withstand the heat
by John Underwood
Fire-Resistant Details
Imagine this: A brushfire, blistering and intense, breaks out on a dry, windy day and races up hills and down valleys, devouring trees, cars and houses. By the next morning the flames are gone, and the heavy clouds of black smoke have washed away to sea, leaving a clear view of charred trees and hundreds of seared foundations. Yet somehow, a few houses still stand, vivid against the backdrop of ruin.
That was the scene in October 1993 after a fire storm destroyed nearly 400 homes in Laguna Beach, California. The fires started several miles inland and swept to the sea at a brisk 2 mph to 4 mph, consuming increasingly thick vegetation along the way. Often, the course of the blaze forced the firefighters to make stands at what they considered to be the least defensible positions: the doorsteps of homes. Frequently, the flames boiled 50 ft. or 60 ft. into the air, and they reached temperatures of 2,000°F or greater. When the fire became that intense, the firefighters then were forced to abandon the structures, which in some instances burned to the ground in five minutes.
Now, more than a year and a half later, rebuilding efforts have begun to reclaim the blackened California hills and bare mountaintops where many houses once stood and where only a few houses remain.The most obvious question homeowners, builders, architects and code officials asked as they combed the rubble for clues was how did a precious few structures survive such an inferno while houses on all sides vanished in the fire? What they learned was a number of lessons that likely will work their way into local building codes and should help to reduce the damage of future fires.
Houses burn from inside out
At 400°F, curtains, wallpaper and bedding ignite. Wood studs spontaneously combust, or pyrolize, at about 450°F (steel studs melt and deform at only slightly higher temperatures). At that point, single-pane windows blow out from heat and ambient-pressure differences. Flame and heat rush in to meet interior combustion, thoroughly consuming structures. Whole houses can reach temperatures hot enough to weaken and spall concrete foundations. According to Laguna Beach Fire Chief Rich DuBerry, many if not most of the Laguna homes lost to fire burned from inside out.
Extreme heat -- with or without direct flame -- compromised the envelopes of houses and ignited material inside by entering houses through vents; poorly sealed doors or windows; and cracks in walls, subfloors or attics.
When such heat is present, destruction is a matter of time. The critical question is how much time is there? Any structures exposed to extreme temperatures and flame long enough will burn. For DuBerry Laguna's lessons are clear: "Keeping the envelope sealed can buy precious time."
Why did some survive in the midst of charred destruction?
The home of To Bui and Doris Bender was called a "miracle house" by the Los Angeles Times because of its dramatic survival in a neighborhood almost totally devastated by the fire. Why did this trilevel structure and a few others like it survive while neighbors' homes on all sides, sometimes no more than 10 ft. or 15 ft. away, burned to the ground?
Cement coatings protect the wooden structure
"It's in the details," Bui insists. He knows about such details. Originally from Vietnam, he lived and worked as a structural engineer in Germany for more than 10 years. There, the predominant building materials are concrete, stone, brick and steel. "In Germany, structures are designed to last hundreds of years," he said. "I built my house to last." He insists his Laguna home is not overbuilt. "It's just that whatever the minimum codes called for, I went a little further."
For example, exterior walls are 2x6 wood-frame construction, which allowed Bui to install R-19 foil-faced insulation (the code requires R-11, kraft-faced insulation). Exterior-wall stucco was as much as an inch thick (nominal thickness is 7/8 in.). Ordinarily, nominal thickness of stucco is 3/4 in.
Eliminate the eave overhang
To prevent heat buildup, this house was constructed without eave overhangs, which also eliminates soffit vents. Cornices are built up with 2x12s and 2x8s and covered with 1-in. stucco. The class-A fire-retardant roof tiles are plugged with metal bird stop. Where 1/2-in. wallboard is the minimal requirement on interior walls and ceilings, Bui opted for 5/8-in. wallboard and one-hour-rated exterior doors and jambs.
Where single-pane windows are acceptable in this mild climate, Bui installed dual-pane windows by International Window Corporation (310-928-6411; www.intlwindow.com) that contain an insulating air gap.
Roofs on the prevailing ranch-style or cottage-style homes in the area typically had 2-ft. or 3-ft. overhangs and undereave vents that trapped heat and flame and induced ignition. Bui eliminated eave overhangs altogether in his design and replaced them with double 2x fascia, which he then stuccoed over.
Ventilation, ordinarily found in soffits, on the ridges of roofs and in crawlspaces, was placed at the midpeak points of gable-end walls. Bui positioned horizontal, eyebrow-type roof vents on the class-A cement-tile roof at every peak, which allows the quick and efficient release of attic heat. That is a critical factor because attic insulation ignites at about 450°F. There are no crawlspace vents in Bui's house.
Minimal gable-end vents and dormer-type roof vents are adequate to ventilate the roof of this Pacific Coast house. Soffit vents are eliminated altogether. The reduced venting meets code for the area because of the greater concerns for fire safety. Behind the vents, 1/4-in. wire mesh was installed to cut the risk that cinders would be drawn into the attic space.
Bui covered wood-deck surfaces with successive layers of a fire-resistant polyurethane and a sand-coating product manufactured by Pacific Polymers Inc. This is a three-part, trowel-applied material that cures to about a 50-mil thickness and carries a Los Angeles Fire Department class-A fire rating. Bui installed scuppered drains before he applied the coating to allow drainage at several points through the subfloor.
Extra layers of protection: Eliminate exposed wood
Wooden deck surfaces are troweled over with several layers of fire-resistant coating. Undersides of all decking are stuccoed over with a 1-in. layer of cement. The glassed-in deck rails are further protection against fire.
The owner of this Laguna Beach house stuccoed the undersides of all wooden deck surfaces to a maximum thickness of about 1 in., virtually eliminating any exposed wood.
Bui stuccoed the undersides of all exposed decking to the same thickness as exterior walls (photo above). The result is a house with virtually no exposed exterior wood.
Every house around Bui and Bender's house burned. But when firefighters broke into the house to search for occupants, the place was a "cool" 100°F, Bender said.
Photo courtesy of FINE HOMEBUILDING - HOUSES
Use only one hour fire rated deck coatings
ONLY ONE HOME SURVIVES DEVASTATING FIRE STORM
Studying the houses that survived the 1993 Laguna Beach fire storm yields lessons in building to withstand the heat
by John Underwood
Fire-Resistant Details
Imagine this: A brushfire, blistering and intense, breaks out on a dry, windy day and races up hills and down valleys, devouring trees, cars and houses. By the next morning the flames are gone, and the heavy clouds of black smoke have washed away to sea, leaving a clear view of charred trees and hundreds of seared foundations. Yet somehow, a few houses still stand, vivid against the backdrop of ruin.
That was the scene in October 1993 after a fire storm destroyed nearly 400 homes in Laguna Beach, California. The fires started several miles inland and swept to the sea at a brisk 2 mph to 4 mph, consuming increasingly thick vegetation along the way. Often, the course of the blaze forced the firefighters to make stands at what they considered to be the least defensible positions: the doorsteps of homes. Frequently, the flames boiled 50 ft. or 60 ft. into the air, and they reached temperatures of 2,000°F or greater. When the fire became that intense, the firefighters then were forced to abandon the structures, which in some instances burned to the ground in five minutes.
Now, more than a year and a half later, rebuilding efforts have begun to reclaim the blackened California hills and bare mountaintops where many houses once stood and where only a few houses remain.The most obvious question homeowners, builders, architects and code officials asked as they combed the rubble for clues was how did a precious few structures survive such an inferno while houses on all sides vanished in the fire? What they learned was a number of lessons that likely will work their way into local building codes and should help to reduce the damage of future fires.
Houses burn from inside out
At 400°F, curtains, wallpaper and bedding ignite. Wood studs spontaneously combust, or pyrolize, at about 450°F (steel studs melt and deform at only slightly higher temperatures). At that point, single-pane windows blow out from heat and ambient-pressure differences. Flame and heat rush in to meet interior combustion, thoroughly consuming structures. Whole houses can reach temperatures hot enough to weaken and spall concrete foundations. According to Laguna Beach Fire Chief Rich DuBerry, many if not most of the Laguna homes lost to fire burned from inside out.
Extreme heat -- with or without direct flame -- compromised the envelopes of houses and ignited material inside by entering houses through vents; poorly sealed doors or windows; and cracks in walls, subfloors or attics.
When such heat is present, destruction is a matter of time. The critical question is how much time is there? Any structures exposed to extreme temperatures and flame long enough will burn. For DuBerry Laguna's lessons are clear: "Keeping the envelope sealed can buy precious time."
Why did some survive in the midst of charred destruction?
The home of To Bui and Doris Bender was called a "miracle house" by the Los Angeles Times because of its dramatic survival in a neighborhood almost totally devastated by the fire. Why did this trilevel structure and a few others like it survive while neighbors' homes on all sides, sometimes no more than 10 ft. or 15 ft. away, burned to the ground?
Cement coatings protect the wooden structure
"It's in the details," Bui insists. He knows about such details. Originally from Vietnam, he lived and worked as a structural engineer in Germany for more than 10 years. There, the predominant building materials are concrete, stone, brick and steel. "In Germany, structures are designed to last hundreds of years," he said. "I built my house to last." He insists his Laguna home is not overbuilt. "It's just that whatever the minimum codes called for, I went a little further."
For example, exterior walls are 2x6 wood-frame construction, which allowed Bui to install R-19 foil-faced insulation (the code requires R-11, kraft-faced insulation). Exterior-wall stucco was as much as an inch thick (nominal thickness is 7/8 in.). Ordinarily, nominal thickness of stucco is 3/4 in.
Eliminate the eave overhang
To prevent heat buildup, this house was constructed without eave overhangs, which also eliminates soffit vents. Cornices are built up with 2x12s and 2x8s and covered with 1-in. stucco. The class-A fire-retardant roof tiles are plugged with metal bird stop. Where 1/2-in. wallboard is the minimal requirement on interior walls and ceilings, Bui opted for 5/8-in. wallboard and one-hour-rated exterior doors and jambs.
Where single-pane windows are acceptable in this mild climate, Bui installed dual-pane windows by International Window Corporation (310-928-6411; www.intlwindow.com) that contain an insulating air gap.
Roofs on the prevailing ranch-style or cottage-style homes in the area typically had 2-ft. or 3-ft. overhangs and undereave vents that trapped heat and flame and induced ignition. Bui eliminated eave overhangs altogether in his design and replaced them with double 2x fascia, which he then stuccoed over.
Ventilation, ordinarily found in soffits, on the ridges of roofs and in crawlspaces, was placed at the midpeak points of gable-end walls. Bui positioned horizontal, eyebrow-type roof vents on the class-A cement-tile roof at every peak, which allows the quick and efficient release of attic heat. That is a critical factor because attic insulation ignites at about 450°F. There are no crawlspace vents in Bui's house.
Minimal gable-end vents and dormer-type roof vents are adequate to ventilate the roof of this Pacific Coast house. Soffit vents are eliminated altogether. The reduced venting meets code for the area because of the greater concerns for fire safety. Behind the vents, 1/4-in. wire mesh was installed to cut the risk that cinders would be drawn into the attic space.
Bui covered wood-deck surfaces with successive layers of a fire-resistant polyurethane and a sand-coating product manufactured by Pacific Polymers Inc. This is a three-part, trowel-applied material that cures to about a 50-mil thickness and carries a Los Angeles Fire Department class-A fire rating. Bui installed scuppered drains before he applied the coating to allow drainage at several points through the subfloor.
Extra layers of protection: Eliminate exposed wood
Wooden deck surfaces are troweled over with several layers of fire-resistant coating. Undersides of all decking are stuccoed over with a 1-in. layer of cement. The glassed-in deck rails are further protection against fire.
The owner of this Laguna Beach house stuccoed the undersides of all wooden deck surfaces to a maximum thickness of about 1 in., virtually eliminating any exposed wood.
Bui stuccoed the undersides of all exposed decking to the same thickness as exterior walls (photo above). The result is a house with virtually no exposed exterior wood.
Every house around Bui and Bender's house burned. But when firefighters broke into the house to search for occupants, the place was a "cool" 100°F, Bender said.
Photo courtesy of FINE HOMEBUILDING - HOUSES
Thursday, November 1, 2007
Tuesday, October 30, 2007
Should it be Law that All Deck Coatings MUST Be ICC One Hour Fire Rated?
Should it be Code or Law that any deck coating applied to plywood decks be One Hour Fire Rated? Makes sense when we live in such a volatile area that is so subject to fire.
I've bid jobs that require a tear off the existing system (due usually to neglect and wear and tear)and replacement with a new coating. I found that sometimes that a bidder with a cheaper (read-non fire rated, non ICC approved)product got the job, based on price. When I try to tell the owner that they are losing their fire protection, often times they shrug and don't care.
I think it should be law/code that only ICC one Hour Rated coatings can be applied to plywood covered decks-houses may be saved or damage reduced. Readers, what do you think?
Post your comments!
I've bid jobs that require a tear off the existing system (due usually to neglect and wear and tear)and replacement with a new coating. I found that sometimes that a bidder with a cheaper (read-non fire rated, non ICC approved)product got the job, based on price. When I try to tell the owner that they are losing their fire protection, often times they shrug and don't care.
I think it should be law/code that only ICC one Hour Rated coatings can be applied to plywood covered decks-houses may be saved or damage reduced. Readers, what do you think?
Post your comments!
Friday, October 26, 2007
The answer to crack or not to crack-today's deck mystery
We got 2 emails commenting on the case of the cracked deck-kudo's to both respondors, they both said that the staple(s) were stapled over the seam, into 2 pieces of plywood, which when expansion/contraction occurs (as it normally does with any wood product), the staple is moving too, likely causing the deck to crack. Scroll down the page a bit to see the picture of the cracked deck.
Careful stapling would have avoided the seam being zippered together, preventing the cracking.
Careful stapling would have avoided the seam being zippered together, preventing the cracking.
Monday, October 15, 2007
Waterproofdeckcoatingadvice.com makes it's trade show debut at CAI Channel Island's
It was a beautiful day on Friday as the Board members and HOA managers who belong to the Channel Islands Chapter of CAI poured into the exhibit area at the Hyatt in Westlake Village.
Our debut was received warmly by the many managers and Board members who wanted to know what the heck it is we do...
and we showed them, with our hands on display of actual deck coating samples and a model of a deck showing the steps necessary to flash and waterproof a deck properly. (Thanks to West Coast Waterproofing of Paramount for loaning us their model).
Attendees also found out that we offer inspections, bid analysis, consulting and seminars as well.
Over 200 persons attended the show, the culmination of a year of planning by Channel Islands Executive Director(s) Krisi Davis and Leah Ross, who took over as Executive Director in August, with the support and help of the Annual Trade Show Committee.
Our debut was received warmly by the many managers and Board members who wanted to know what the heck it is we do...
and we showed them, with our hands on display of actual deck coating samples and a model of a deck showing the steps necessary to flash and waterproof a deck properly. (Thanks to West Coast Waterproofing of Paramount for loaning us their model).
Attendees also found out that we offer inspections, bid analysis, consulting and seminars as well.
Over 200 persons attended the show, the culmination of a year of planning by Channel Islands Executive Director(s) Krisi Davis and Leah Ross, who took over as Executive Director in August, with the support and help of the Annual Trade Show Committee.
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